ʻO ke kaʻa uila he mīkini uila e hoʻololi i ka ikehu uila i ikehu mechanical. Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa uila ma o ka launa ʻana ma waena o ke kahua magnetic o ka kaʻa a me ke au uila i ka wili uwea e hoʻoulu i ka ikaika ma ke ʻano o ka torque i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kumu o ka kaʻa.
Hiki ke hoʻoikaika ʻia nā kaʻa uila e nā kumu o ke au pololei (DC), e like me nā pākaukau, a i ʻole nā mea hoʻoponopono, a i ʻole ma nā kumu hoʻololi o kēia manawa (AC), e like me ka mana mana, nā mea hoʻohuli a i ʻole nā mea hana uila. ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻe uila e like me ka mīkini uila, akā e hana ana me ka kahe o ka mana, e hoʻohuli ana i ka ikehu mechanical i ka ikehu uila.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kaʻa uila e nā noʻonoʻo e like me ke ʻano kumu mana, ke kūkulu kūloko, ka noi a me ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻano AC versus DC, hiki ke kāhili ʻia a i ʻole ka pulupulu ʻole ʻana o nā kaʻa, hiki i nā ʻāpana like ʻole (e ʻike i ka pae hoʻokahi, ʻelua-phase, a i ʻole ʻekolu-phase), a i ʻole he ea a i ʻole ka wai hoʻoluʻu. Hāʻawi nā motika maʻamau me nā ana maʻamau a me nā hiʻohiʻona i ka mana mechanical kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā kaʻa uila nui loa no ka hoʻolalelale ʻana i ka moku, ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pipeline a me nā noi hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ka helu ʻana i ka 100 megawatts. Loaʻa nā kaʻa uila i loko o nā mea pā ʻoihana, nā mea puhi a me nā pamu, nā mea mīkini, nā mea hana hale, nā mea mana a me nā disk drive. Hiki ke loaʻa nā motika liʻiliʻi ma nā wati uila. I kekahi mau noi, e like me ka regenerative braking me ka traction motors, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kaʻa uila i hope e like me nā mea hana e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka ikehu i nalowale paha e like me ka wela a me ka friction.
ʻO ka uila, ʻelua mau ʻāpana e neʻe pili ana i kekahi i kekahi a i hui pū ʻia i kahi kaapuni magnetic:
Mākēneki kahua - Hoʻokumu kēia ʻāpana i kahi māla magnetic e hele ana i ka armature. ʻO ka maʻamau he pūʻulu o nā electromagnets e hoʻopuni ana i ka rotor, ʻo ia hoʻi nā wili uwea ma ke kumu hao ferromagnetic e alakaʻi i ke kahua magnetic. ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe hiki ke lilo i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā magnet mau loa.
Armature - ʻO ia ka ʻāpana e kahe ai ke au uila e hoʻoulu ai i ka ikaika. E like me nā wili kahua, aia nā wili uwea ma kahi kumu ferromagnetic. Ke hele ke au uila ma ka uwea, e hoʻoikaika ke kahua mākēneki mai ka mākēneki kahua, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ikaika Lorentz, e hoʻohuli i ka rotor.
Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi o kēia mau ʻāpana ma ka stator, ʻo ka ʻāpana paʻa o ke kaʻa i hoʻopili ʻia i ke kiʻi, ʻo kekahi ma ka rotor, ka ʻāpana e huli. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka magnet ma ka stator a me ka armature ma ka rotor, akā i kekahi mau ʻano kaʻa ua hoʻohuli ʻia kēia.
ʻO ka mīkini, aia kahi kaʻa i kēia mau ʻāpana
Rotor
I loko o kahi kaʻa uila, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao neʻe ka rotor, ka mea e hoʻohuli i ke kumu e hāʻawi i ka mana mechanical. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻokele i loko o ka rotor e lawe ana i nā au, kahi e hoʻoikaika ai ke kahua magnetic o ka stator e hoʻohuli i ke kumu. ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe, lawe kekahi mau rotor i nā magnet mau loa, a paʻa ka stator i nā conductors.
Pono ka ea ma waena o ka stator a me ka rotor i hiki ke huli. He hopena koʻikoʻi ka laula o ke āwaha i nā ʻano uila o ke kaʻa. Hana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano liʻiliʻi e like me ka hiki, no ka mea, he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka ʻāpana nui i ka hana. ʻO ia ke kumu nui o ka mana haʻahaʻa kahi e hana ai nā kaʻa. Piʻi ka mana magnetizing a emi iho ka mana me ka ea ākea, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā āpau haiki. Hiki i nā āpau liʻiliʻi ke hoʻopuka i nā pilikia mechanical ma waho aʻe o ka walaʻau a me nā poho.
